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UK Countryside history - 10,000 BC

As the ice sheets withdrew the climate became warmer and the countryside began to support the trees and shrubs that colonise bare and infertile ground. The earliest to take up residence were birch, aspen and sallow. These were followed by hazel and pine.


10000 BC picture 1
10000 BC picture 2
10000 BC picture 3


  • Population
    Small numbers of hunter gatherers.
  • Crops
    None
  • Livestock
    None but large wild cattle, deer, boar, bears and wolves had all began to take up residence.
  • Farming Systems
    The population lived by hunting and fishing.
  • Woodland & Hedges
    None
  • Social Economy
    Very little evidence is available for this period but generally hunting groups were mobile and spent very little time in any one location.
  • Climate
    Still much colder than today but warming quite quickly around 8,500 BC encouraging more widespread forestation.


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